Blog | Medical

PT Software and its outsourcing

David Pahor

This is the last article in the blog series “Developing great software for particle therapy systems”. Particle therapy (PT) machines are highly complex, and their integration is often broadly underestimated. Software is the foundation that binds all the subsystems and machine parts in a cohesive and functioning entirety that treats patients effectively, safely, and quickly.

Cosylab_Particle Therapy Software

Experienced systems engineers take special care to thoughtfully design and develop software that has such a significant impact on a medical device. Still, the crucial role of software (SW) is frequently overlooked in PT.

Many vendors entering the market today decide to buy commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products for various parts of the PT machine and expect their engineers to integrate them with minimal effort. But each independent unit or device has specific behaviour, communication protocols, internal and local states, and workflows.

PT machine manufacturers sometimes realise at the end of development planning that they may have underestimated the labour and resources required for software development and software’s impact on the overall performance of a PT machine. They may start thinking of optimising the development of particular subsystems to stay within budgetary restrictions and deadlines.

Optimisation through outsourcing

One way to optimise and still catch deadlines is to outsource the development of specific software components. Of course, the latter must still be integrated seamlessly into the system, not adversely affecting overall end system performance.

So when does outsourcing software development for a PT machine make sense — and in what scope?

Zuofeng Li believes start-up PT manufacturers rarely have the necessary experience, expertise and customer relations at the beginning to be able to decide how to start developing properly. Furthermore, start-ups do not fully comprehend the field nor shape their market expectations realistically. For some, it seems, they are at times taking it almost as an adventure.

Zuofeng has seen efforts in many parts of the world where teams tried to develop their proton therapy systems. They hired people to develop the software but had no fundamental plan or even idea how to design the software system at the onset.

Often in system design for radiation oncology, but especially for particle therapy, there seems to be a lack of consultation and implementation of clinical knowledge. This is a make or break issue for the SW development effort. Start-up people sometimes ask Zuofeng questions that are pretty elementary and should have been thought out before starting the venture.

So, for some first-time PT machine builders, it is not a question of whether outsourcing SW development or performing it internally and training. It is a question of gathering the right engineering team with the proper competencies that will deliver within the deadlines.

Domain knowledge is essential

Rock Mackie remembers his efforts to find help for software development outside the company. When they were developing their helical tomotherapy and imaging machine, the software was more than a year late. They had delivered the working accelerator tomotherapy unit, but the control software — the GUI and even parts of the treatment planning system — were not ready for integration. Rock stresses that software is the most demanding part of machine development.

On another project, his team then decided to use Cosylab to develop the control software and other parts of their system, such as the GUI, and to learn from the experience of an established systems software company.

The duality of changing and improving the system

Jay Flanz recollects how they eventually did outsource upgrades. But to outsource, you need to access the system. And that’s not always possible, which has to be kept in mind, underlines Jay. It is a complicated situation: one aspect of the controls is that they consist of electronics and computers, which become obsolete. A company is caught in a tight spot when it needs to change the software to make it work with the new hardware that’s being built for a new customer.

So you’re caught between changing and improving the system. Jay remembers how he landed in a situation where he felt most of their software was functional but not simple enough and had specific things to be improved. He didn’t need to worry about upgrading obsolete hardware, so he decided to perform the improvements first. For example, they could certainly set the current for a power supply, but they could not set it simultaneously for all the power supplies, which was frustrating. It was a simple little thing that should have been possible.

“Communication is absolutely the key to success. You can’t have everyone going around thinking they know better than everyone else.”

So when Jay’s team finally decided to outsource, they were able to take those parts of the system that worked, reuse them, and focus on the issues such as simplifying the state machine and eliminating timing problems. After that, they quickly went from, for example, changing the beam energy and scanning in nine seconds to changing in approximately one second. Jay’s team was the first one in the world to get to that point with their type of system.

The way they did, it was to outsource to a company that would follow their advice, who eventually learned enough about what Jay’s team wanted them to contribute. Jay firmly believes that outsourcing is necessary to get the experts in real-time systems on board who know how to architect, integrate and simplify — and communicate well.

Communication is absolutely the key to success, esšpecially communicating domain knowledge to the other team members. You can’t have everyone going around thinking they know better than everyone else. And if you communicate well, you can get these systems done on time with the right group, ends Jay.

If you’d rather listen to the above, watch the video clip from the round table:

This is the last article in a series of blogs dealing with the challenges of developing good software for particle therapy systems and is based on the PTCOG 59 round table “SOFTware: the HARD part of proton therapy“.

ABOUT THE PANELISTS

Jay Flanz, PhD, served as Assoc. Prof. at the Harvard Medical School and Technical Director at the Francis H. Burr Proton Therapy Center of the Massachusetts General Hospital before retiring in 2020.  Before that, he was Principal Research Scientist at MIT.  At the former, he contributed to the design and optimisation of the proton therapy (PT) equipment and its adaptation to clinical uses. A central focus for Dr Flanz is upgrading the beam delivery modality for optimal patient treatments.  He is the President of the Particle Therapy CoOperative Group (PTCOG) international organisation.

Zuofeng Li, PhD, is the chief physicist of the Meizhong Jiahe Medical Group (Concord Medical Holdings) and Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center. He is also a Fellow of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine, a Prof. at the University of Florida College of Medicine and was a Member of the steering committee of PTCOG. Dr Li has more than ten years of experience, specialising in radiation physics, brachytherapy, image-based brachytherapy, combined IMRT and brachytherapy delivery.

Thomas Rockwell (“Rock”) Mackie, PhD is Emeritus Prof. in Medical Physics, Human Oncology, and Engineering Physics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the Director of Medical Devices Focus Area at the Morgridge Institute for Research. He is a medical physicist that also developed a safer type of radiotherapy called tomotherapy, which produces less radiation without lowered effectiveness and is the marriage of a linac and a CT scanner. Dr Mackie is also focused on the development of a compact proton therapy machine.

Uros Mitrovic, PhD, is a technical expert with more than ten years of experience in several medical fields, including radiotherapy and medical imaging. He holds a PhD in medical image processing and is the author or co-author of several papers in prestigious journals, conference proceedings and US patents. At Cosylab, Uros is the Medical Product Portfolio Manager of OncologyOne product suite.

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